S. 4199 — 118th Congress

JUDGES Act of 2024

Originated in the Senate · Introduced Apr 19, 2024 · Law

Sponsor

Todd Young

Latest action

Jan 3, 2025

Veto message received in Senate. Ordered held at the desk.

CRS summary

As of Dec 12, 2024

Passed House

Judicial Understaffing Delays Getting Emergencies Solved Act of 2024 or the JUDGES Act of 2024

This bill creates 63 new permanent U.S. district court judgeships over a 10-year period and 3 temporary U.S. district court judgeships in 2025.  The President must appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate, additional judges for specified judicial districts.

Specifically, the bill creates 63 additional permanent judgeships, which are added every two years from 2025 through 2035. The state and the total number of judgeships added over the 10-year period for the state are as follows:

  • Arizona (2), 
  • California (21),
  • Colorado (2),
  • Delaware (2), 
  • Florida (9), 
  • Georgia (2), 
  • Idaho (1), 
  • Indiana (1), 
  • Iowa (1), 
  • Nebraska (1),
  • New Jersey (3), 
  • New York (5), and 
  • Texas (13).

Additionally, in 2025, the bill creates three temporary judgeships in Oklahoma.

The bill adds locations for where district courts must be held in certain states. Specifically, the bill requires the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California to be additionally held in El Centro, California; the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas (Houston Division) to be additionally held in College Station, Texas; and the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah (Central Division) to be additionally held in Moab and Monticello, Utah.

The Government Accountability Office must submit reports to Congress on judicial caseloads and detention space.

The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts must make publicly accessible, and submit to Congress, a specified biennial report on judgeship recommendations.

Congressional Research Service, via api.congress.gov (public domain)

Roll-call votes

1 on record

Dec 12, 2024 · On Passage

Full roll call

Passed (236–173)

Yea236: 206 R · 29 D · 1 I

MemberPartyState
Ruben GallegoDemocratAZ
Ami BeraDemocratCA
Doris O. MatsuiDemocratCA
J. Luis CorreaDemocratCA
Jim CostaDemocratCA
Jimmy PanettaDemocratCA
Josh HarderDemocratCA
Juan VargasDemocratCA
Mike ThompsonDemocratCA
Pete AguilarDemocratCA
Raul RuizDemocratCA
Scott H. PetersDemocratCA
Yadira CaraveoDemocratCO
Darren SotoDemocratFL
Kathy CastorDemocratFL
Ed CaseDemocratHI
Jared F. GoldenDemocratME
Dean PhillipsDemocratMN
Donald G. DavisDemocratNC
Wiley NickelDemocratNC
Susie LeeDemocratNV
Patrick RyanDemocratNY
Thomas R. SuozziDemocratNY
Marcy KapturDemocratOH
Chrissy HoulahanDemocratPA
Henry CuellarDemocratTX
Vicente GonzalezDemocratTX
Abigail Davis SpanbergerDemocratVA
Marie Gluesenkamp PerezDemocratWA
Kevin KileyIndependentCA
Barry MooreRepublicanAL
Dale W. StrongRepublicanAL
Gary J. PalmerRepublicanAL
Jerry L. CarlRepublicanAL
Mike RogersRepublicanAL
Robert B. AderholtRepublicanAL
Bruce WestermanRepublicanAR
Eric A. "Rick" CrawfordRepublicanAR
J. French HillRepublicanAR
Steve WomackRepublicanAR
Andy BiggsRepublicanAZ
David SchweikertRepublicanAZ
Debbie LeskoRepublicanAZ
Elijah CraneRepublicanAZ
Juan CiscomaniRepublicanAZ
Paul A. GosarRepublicanAZ
Darrell IssaRepublicanCA
David G. ValadaoRepublicanCA
Doug LaMalfaRepublicanCA
Jay ObernolteRepublicanCA
John S. DuarteRepublicanCA
Ken CalvertRepublicanCA
Michelle SteelRepublicanCA
Mike GarciaRepublicanCA
Tom McClintockRepublicanCA
Vince FongRepublicanCA
Young KimRepublicanCA
Doug LambornRepublicanCO
Greg LopezRepublicanCO
Lauren BoebertRepublicanCO
Aaron BeanRepublicanFL
Anna Paulina LunaRepublicanFL
Bill PoseyRepublicanFL
Brian J. MastRepublicanFL
Byron DonaldsRepublicanFL
Carlos A. GimenezRepublicanFL
Cory MillsRepublicanFL
Daniel WebsterRepublicanFL
Gus M. BilirakisRepublicanFL
John H. RutherfordRepublicanFL
Kat CammackRepublicanFL
Laurel M. LeeRepublicanFL
Maria Elvira SalazarRepublicanFL
Mario Diaz-BalartRepublicanFL
Neal P. DunnRepublicanFL
Scott FranklinRepublicanFL
Vern BuchananRepublicanFL
W. Gregory SteubeRepublicanFL
Andrew S. ClydeRepublicanGA
Austin ScottRepublicanGA
Barry LoudermilkRepublicanGA
Earl L. "Buddy" CarterRepublicanGA
Marjorie Taylor GreeneRepublicanGA
Mike CollinsRepublicanGA
Richard McCormickRepublicanGA
Rick W. AllenRepublicanGA
Ashley HinsonRepublicanIA
Mariannette Miller-MeeksRepublicanIA
Randy FeenstraRepublicanIA
Zachary NunnRepublicanIA
Michael K. SimpsonRepublicanID
Russ FulcherRepublicanID
Darin LaHoodRepublicanIL
Mary E. MillerRepublicanIL
Mike BostRepublicanIL
Erin HouchinRepublicanIN
Greg PenceRepublicanIN
James R. BairdRepublicanIN
Jim BanksRepublicanIN
Larry BucshonRepublicanIN
Rudy Yakym IIIRepublicanIN
Victoria SpartzRepublicanIN
Jake LaTurnerRepublicanKS
Ron EstesRepublicanKS
Tracey MannRepublicanKS
Andy BarrRepublicanKY
Brett GuthrieRepublicanKY
Harold RogersRepublicanKY
James ComerRepublicanKY
Thomas MassieRepublicanKY
Clay HigginsRepublicanLA
Garret GravesRepublicanLA
Julia LetlowRepublicanLA
Mike JohnsonRepublicanLA
Steve ScaliseRepublicanLA
Andy HarrisRepublicanMD
Bill HuizengaRepublicanMI
Jack BergmanRepublicanMI
John JamesRepublicanMI
John R. MoolenaarRepublicanMI
Lisa C. McClainRepublicanMI
Tim WalbergRepublicanMI
Brad FinstadRepublicanMN
Michelle FischbachRepublicanMN
Pete StauberRepublicanMN
Tom EmmerRepublicanMN
Blaine LuetkemeyerRepublicanMO
Eric BurlisonRepublicanMO
Jason SmithRepublicanMO
Mark AlfordRepublicanMO
Sam GravesRepublicanMO
Michael GuestRepublicanMS
Mike EzellRepublicanMS
Trent KellyRepublicanMS
Matthew M. Rosendale, Sr.RepublicanMT
Ryan K. ZinkeRepublicanMT
Chuck EdwardsRepublicanNC
Dan BishopRepublicanNC
David RouzerRepublicanNC
Gregory F. MurphyRepublicanNC
Patrick T. McHenryRepublicanNC
Richard HudsonRepublicanNC
Virginia FoxxRepublicanNC
Adrian SmithRepublicanNE
Don BaconRepublicanNE
Mike FloodRepublicanNE
Christopher H. SmithRepublicanNJ
Jefferson Van DrewRepublicanNJ
Thomas H. Kean, Jr.RepublicanNJ
Mark E. AmodeiRepublicanNV
Andrew R. GarbarinoRepublicanNY
Anthony D’EspositoRepublicanNY
Brandon WilliamsRepublicanNY
Claudia TenneyRepublicanNY
Elise M. StefanikRepublicanNY
Michael LawlerRepublicanNY
Nicholas A. LangworthyRepublicanNY
Nick LaLotaRepublicanNY
Nicole MalliotakisRepublicanNY
Brad R. WenstrupRepublicanOH
David P. JoyceRepublicanOH
Jim JordanRepublicanOH
Max L. MillerRepublicanOH
Michael A. RulliRepublicanOH
Michael R. TurnerRepublicanOH
Mike CareyRepublicanOH
Robert E. LattaRepublicanOH
Troy BaldersonRepublicanOH
Warren DavidsonRepublicanOH
Frank D. LucasRepublicanOK
Josh BrecheenRepublicanOK
Kevin HernRepublicanOK
Stephanie I. BiceRepublicanOK
Tom ColeRepublicanOK
Cliff BentzRepublicanOR
Brian K. FitzpatrickRepublicanPA
Daniel MeuserRepublicanPA
Glenn ThompsonRepublicanPA
Guy ReschenthalerRepublicanPA
John JoyceRepublicanPA
Lloyd SmuckerRepublicanPA
Mike KellyRepublicanPA
Scott PerryRepublicanPA
Joe WilsonRepublicanSC
Nancy MaceRepublicanSC
Ralph NormanRepublicanSC
Russell FryRepublicanSC
William R. Timmons IVRepublicanSC
Dusty JohnsonRepublicanSD
Andrew OglesRepublicanTN
Charles J. "Chuck" FleischmannRepublicanTN
David KustoffRepublicanTN
Diana HarshbargerRepublicanTN
John W. RoseRepublicanTN
Mark E. GreenRepublicanTN
Scott DesJarlaisRepublicanTN
August PflugerRepublicanTX
Beth Van DuyneRepublicanTX
Brian BabinRepublicanTX
Dan CrenshawRepublicanTX
Jake EllzeyRepublicanTX
Jodey C. ArringtonRepublicanTX
John R. CarterRepublicanTX
Keith SelfRepublicanTX
Lance GoodenRepublicanTX
Michael CloudRepublicanTX
Michael T. McCaulRepublicanTX
Monica De La CruzRepublicanTX
Morgan LuttrellRepublicanTX
Nathaniel MoranRepublicanTX
Pat FallonRepublicanTX
Pete SessionsRepublicanTX
Randy K. Weber, Sr.RepublicanTX
Roger WilliamsRepublicanTX
Ronny JacksonRepublicanTX
Tony GonzalesRepublicanTX
Troy E. NehlsRepublicanTX
Wesley HuntRepublicanTX
Blake D. MooreRepublicanUT
Burgess OwensRepublicanUT
Celeste MaloyRepublicanUT
John R. CurtisRepublicanUT
Ben ClineRepublicanVA
Bob GoodRepublicanVA
H. Morgan GriffithRepublicanVA
Jennifer A. KiggansRepublicanVA
Robert J. WittmanRepublicanVA
Bryan SteilRepublicanWI
Derrick Van OrdenRepublicanWI
Glenn GrothmanRepublicanWI
Scott FitzgeraldRepublicanWI
Thomas P. TiffanyRepublicanWI
Tony WiedRepublicanWI
Alexander X. MooneyRepublicanWV
Carol D. MillerRepublicanWV
Harriet M. HagemanRepublicanWY

Nay173: 171 D · 2 R

MemberPartyState
Mary Sattler PeltolaDemocratAK
Terri A. SewellDemocratAL
Greg StantonDemocratAZ
Anna G. EshooDemocratCA
Brad ShermanDemocratCA
Eric SwalwellDemocratCA
Grace F. NapolitanoDemocratCA
Jared HuffmanDemocratCA
Jimmy GomezDemocratCA
John GaramendiDemocratCA
Judy ChuDemocratCA
Julia BrownleyDemocratCA
Katie PorterDemocratCA
Kevin MullinDemocratCA
Linda T. SánchezDemocratCA
Mark DeSaulnierDemocratCA
Mark TakanoDemocratCA
Maxine WatersDemocratCA
Mike LevinDemocratCA
Nancy PelosiDemocratCA
Nanette Diaz BarragánDemocratCA
Norma J. TorresDemocratCA
Ro KhannaDemocratCA
Robert GarciaDemocratCA
Salud O. CarbajalDemocratCA
Sara JacobsDemocratCA
Sydney Kamlager-DoveDemocratCA
Ted LieuDemocratCA
Tony CárdenasDemocratCA
Zoe LofgrenDemocratCA
Brittany PettersenDemocratCO
Diana DeGetteDemocratCO
Jason CrowDemocratCO
Joe NeguseDemocratCO
Jahana HayesDemocratCT
James A. HimesDemocratCT
Joe CourtneyDemocratCT
John B. LarsonDemocratCT
Rosa L. DeLauroDemocratCT
Lisa Blunt RochesterDemocratDE
Debbie Wasserman SchultzDemocratFL
Frederica S. WilsonDemocratFL
Lois FrankelDemocratFL
Maxwell FrostDemocratFL
David ScottDemocratGA
Henry C. "Hank" Johnson, Jr.DemocratGA
Lucy McBathDemocratGA
Nikema WilliamsDemocratGA
Sanford D. Bishop, Jr.DemocratGA
Jill N. TokudaDemocratHI
Bill FosterDemocratIL
Bradley Scott SchneiderDemocratIL
Danny K. DavisDemocratIL
Delia C. RamirezDemocratIL
Eric SorensenDemocratIL
Janice D. SchakowskyDemocratIL
Jesús G. "Chuy" GarcíaDemocratIL
Jonathan L. JacksonDemocratIL
Lauren UnderwoodDemocratIL
Mike QuigleyDemocratIL
Nikki BudzinskiDemocratIL
Raja KrishnamoorthiDemocratIL
Robin L. KellyDemocratIL
Sean CastenDemocratIL
André CarsonDemocratIN
Frank J. MrvanDemocratIN
Sharice DavidsDemocratKS
Morgan McGarveyDemocratKY
Troy A. CarterDemocratLA
Ayanna PressleyDemocratMA
Jake AuchinclossDemocratMA
James P. McGovernDemocratMA
Katherine M. ClarkDemocratMA
Lori TrahanDemocratMA
Richard E. NealDemocratMA
Seth MoultonDemocratMA
Stephen F. LynchDemocratMA
William R. KeatingDemocratMA
C. A. Dutch RuppersbergerDemocratMD
Glenn IveyDemocratMD
Jamie RaskinDemocratMD
John P. SarbanesDemocratMD
Kweisi MfumeDemocratMD
Steny H. HoyerDemocratMD
Chellie PingreeDemocratME
Daniel T. KildeeDemocratMI
Haley M. StevensDemocratMI
Hillary J. ScholtenDemocratMI
Rashida TlaibDemocratMI
Shri ThanedarDemocratMI
Angie CraigDemocratMN
Betty McCollumDemocratMN
Ilhan OmarDemocratMN
Cori BushDemocratMO
Emanuel CleaverDemocratMO
Bennie G. ThompsonDemocratMS
Alma S. AdamsDemocratNC
Deborah K. RossDemocratNC
Jeff JacksonDemocratNC
Kathy E. ManningDemocratNC
Valerie P. FousheeDemocratNC
Ann M. KusterDemocratNH
Chris PappasDemocratNH
Bonnie Watson ColemanDemocratNJ
Donald NorcrossDemocratNJ
Frank Pallone, Jr.DemocratNJ
Josh GottheimerDemocratNJ
LaMonica McIverDemocratNJ
Mikie SherrillDemocratNJ
Robert MenendezDemocratNJ
Gabe VasquezDemocratNM
Melanie A. StansburyDemocratNM
Teresa Leger FernandezDemocratNM
Dina TitusDemocratNV
Steven HorsfordDemocratNV
Adriano EspaillatDemocratNY
Alexandria Ocasio-CortezDemocratNY
Daniel S. GoldmanDemocratNY
Grace MengDemocratNY
Gregory W. MeeksDemocratNY
Hakeem S. JeffriesDemocratNY
Jamaal BowmanDemocratNY
Jerrold NadlerDemocratNY
Joseph D. MorelleDemocratNY
Nydia M. VelázquezDemocratNY
Paul TonkoDemocratNY
Ritchie TorresDemocratNY
Timothy M. KennedyDemocratNY
Emilia Strong SykesDemocratOH
Greg LandsmanDemocratOH
Joyce BeattyDemocratOH
Shontel M. BrownDemocratOH
Andrea SalinasDemocratOR
Earl BlumenauerDemocratOR
Suzanne BonamiciDemocratOR
Val T. HoyleDemocratOR
Brendan F. BoyleDemocratPA
Christopher R. DeluzioDemocratPA
Madeleine DeanDemocratPA
Mary Gay ScanlonDemocratPA
Matt CartwrightDemocratPA
Summer L. LeeDemocratPA
Gabe AmoDemocratRI
Seth MagazinerDemocratRI
James E. ClyburnDemocratSC
Steve CohenDemocratTN
Al GreenDemocratTX
Colin Z. AllredDemocratTX
Erica Lee CarterDemocratTX
Greg CasarDemocratTX
Jasmine CrockettDemocratTX
Joaquin CastroDemocratTX
Lizzie FletcherDemocratTX
Lloyd DoggettDemocratTX
Marc A. VeaseyDemocratTX
Sylvia R. GarciaDemocratTX
Veronica EscobarDemocratTX
Donald S. Beyer, Jr.DemocratVA
Gerald E. ConnollyDemocratVA
Jennifer L. McClellanDemocratVA
Robert C. "Bobby" ScottDemocratVA
Becca BalintDemocratVT
Adam SmithDemocratWA
Derek KilmerDemocratWA
Kim SchrierDemocratWA
Marilyn StricklandDemocratWA
Pramila JayapalDemocratWA
Rick LarsenDemocratWA
Suzan K. DelBeneDemocratWA
Gwen MooreDemocratWI
Mark PocanDemocratWI
Tim BurchettRepublicanTN
Chip RoyRepublicanTX

Not Voting22: 11 D · 11 R

MemberPartyState
Raúl M. GrijalvaDemocratAZ
Barbara LeeDemocratCA
Jared MoskowitzDemocratFL
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormickDemocratFL
David J. TroneDemocratMD
Debbie DingellDemocratMI
Elissa SlotkinDemocratMI
Yvette D. ClarkeDemocratNY
Dwight EvansDemocratPA
Susan WildDemocratPA
Jennifer WextonDemocratVA
Michael WaltzRepublicanFL
A. Drew Ferguson IVRepublicanGA
Ann WagnerRepublicanMO
Kelly ArmstrongRepublicanND
Marcus J. MolinaroRepublicanNY
Lori Chavez-DeRemerRepublicanOR
Jeff DuncanRepublicanSC
Kay GrangerRepublicanTX
Michael C. BurgessRepublicanTX
Cathy McMorris RodgersRepublicanWA
Dan NewhouseRepublicanWA

Member pages currently show roll-call votes from the 119th Congress only. The “Member pages” column marks votes from that congress.